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State restoration in SwiftUI

This week we will learn how to implement state restoration in SwiftUI.

We always want to provide a great user experience in our apps. The system can shut down your app when the user leaves it and when the user relaunches your app, the system creates it from scratch, and the current state of your app is lost. This is a bad user experience. To avoid this kind of situation, we should provide a state restoration mechanism. This week we will learn how to implement state restoration in SwiftUI.

SceneStorage property wrapper

State and StateObject property wrappers are great tools to hold a view state in runtime. The only problem is the ability to restore its value after app relaunch. SwiftUI sets the initial values to State and StateObject whenever it recreates a view holding these property wrappers.

To learn more about property wrappers in SwiftUI, take a look at “Understanding Property Wrappers in SwiftUI” post.

Fortunately, SwiftUI provides us with the SceneStorage property wrapper allowing us to store values in the memory allocated by the current scene. It means every scene has private storage that other scenes can’t access. The system is entirely responsible for managing per-scene storage, and you don’t have access to the data without the SceneStorage property wrapper.

struct RootView: View {
    @SceneStorage("selectedTab")
    private var selectedTab = 0

    var body: some View {
        TabView(selection: $selectedTab) {
            NavigationView {
                TimerView()
            }
            .tabItem {
                Image(systemName: "timer")
                Text("timer")
            }
            .tag(0)

            NavigationView {
                InsightsContainerView()
                    .navigationTitle("Insights")
            }
            .tabItem {
                Image(systemName: "chart.bar")
                Text("insights")
            }
            .tag(1)
        }
    }
}

As you can see in the example above, we use the SceneStorage property wrapper to hold the tab selection. When the system relaunches the app, it also restores the value of SceneStorage property wrappers. The SceneStorage property wrapper is an excellent tool for storing tab selection, active navigation links, sheet presentation conditions, etc.

struct RootView: View {
    @EnvironmentObject var store: Store<AppState, AppAction>
    
    @SceneStorage("bloodPressureFormShown")
    private var bloodPressureFormShown = false
    
    @SceneStorage("selectedTab")
    private var selectedTab = 0

    var body: some View {
        TabView(selection: $selectedTab) {
            NavigationView {
                SummaryContainerView()
                    .navigationBarTitle("today")
                    .sheet(isPresented: $bloodPressureFormShown) {
                        AddBloodPressureView()
                    }
                }
                .tabItem {
                    Image(systemName: "heart")
                    Text("today")
                }.tag(0)
                
                NavigationView {
                    SettingsView()
                }
                .tabItem {
                    Image(systemName: "gear")
                    Text("Settings")
                }.tag(1)
            }
        }
    }
}

Remember that the system doesn’t guarantee when and how often the data persists. Make sure you don’t use SceneStorage property wrapper with sensitive data. SceneStorage is not a replacement for the State and StateObject property wrappers. It is designed to operate in pair with them.

To learn more about scene management in SwiftUI, take a look at “Managing scenes in SwiftUI” post.

User Activity

UserActivity type is another option to provide a state restoration. It allows us to mark a particular feature with unique data that the system preserves across launches. For example, you can mark a purchase flow in the e-commerce app with the purchased item identifier and any additional information you need.

Whenever the system relaunches the app, it passes the instance of UserActivity type with the data populated previously. SwiftUI provides a few view modifiers to populate and handle user activities in the app. Let’s take a quick look at how we can use these view modifiers.

struct PurchaseView: View {
    static let userActivity = "com.aaplab.app.purchase"
    let product: Product

    @State private var isPurchaseLinkActivated = false

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text(product.title)
            NavigationLink(isActive: $isPurchaseLinkActivated) {
                    CheckoutView(product: product)
                } label: {
                    Label("Go to checkout", systemImage: "creditcard")
                }
        }
        .userActivity(
            PurchaseView.userActivity,
            isActive: isPurchaseLinkActivated
        ) { userActivity in
            userActivity.title = "Purchase \(product.title)"
            userActivity.userInfo = ["id": product.id]
        }
    }
}

In the example above, we enable user activity when the user presses: “Go to checkout” button. The system recognizes the user activity and stores it. Whenever the system relaunches the app, it provides an instance of UserActivity type that we can grab and handle to continue the user flow.

struct CommerceApp: App {
    var body: some Scene {
        WindowGroup {
            RootView()
                .onContinueUserActivity(PurchaseView.userActivity) { userActivity in
                    if let id = userActivity.userInfo?["id"] {
                        // mutate the state of the app and navigate to the purchase view
                    }
                }
        }
    }
}

Here we use the onContinueUserActivity view modifier to extract the instance of UserActivity type if it is available and navigate to the particular screen.

Conclusion

State restoration is the key feature to implement a fluid user experience. SwiftUI provides us with all the needed APIs to implement it quickly without too many lines of code. I hope you enjoy the post. Feel free to follow me on Twitter and ask your questions related to this post. Thanks for reading, and see you next week!

Full Article: Swift with Majid
Mar 10, 2022
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